helenium

Helenium autumnale

helenium, Helenium autumnale 08AU16-03
helenium, Helenium autumnale 09AU04
helenium, Helenium autumnale 11JL09
helenium, Helenium autumnale 08AU16

characteristics

Erect, clump forming perennial with sturdy winged stems, and medium green leaves. Clusters of distinctive yellow, daisy-like flowers. Petals have three teeth at the tip. The flower's centre is a prominent yellow ball.

Toxic to livestock and horses. Causes irritation to the nose, eyes and stomach in humans.

Also known as sneezeweed.

Starts from seed, cuttings, division

T SSN H W sun soil H2O fire N2 pH summer fall flower (seed)
P W 1.6 B S F-M-C M X - 4.0-7.5 green grey-yellow yellow (brown)

habitat

Marshes, ponds, meadows, fields and ditches.

uses

Attracts bees, butterflies and flies.

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common > name = have on site
T = type: A = annual | B = biennial | P = perennial | SS = subshrub | D = deciduous | C = coniferous
██ = cold stratify | ██ = cold stratify & scarify | ██ = plant directly | ██ = scarify | ██ = not from seed
SSN = season: C = cool | W = warm | Y = late
H = height (in metres) | W = width (in metres) | B = bunch | S = sod | SB = sod/bunch
sun: S = full sun | S/PS = sun or partial shade | PS = partial shade | SH = full shade
soil: F = fine | M = medium | C = coarse
H2O = moisture requirement: D = dry | M = moist | W = wet | Z = aquatic
fire = fire tolerance: - = unknown | X = none | • = some | •• = moderate | ••• = high tolerance
N2 = nitrogen fixing: • = yes
summer = foliage colour | fall = foliage (stem) colour | flower (seed) = flower (seed / fruit) colour, if conspicuous
pH = acidity - alkalinity